Gendered Ideals of Body Form Essay -- Gender Studies

Gendered bodies in the West are bodies of contrasts. A masculine, sharp, inverted triangular ashes is contrasted to the feminine, soft, hourglass shape. Humans, throughout history, have resorted to drastic measures to meet and exemplify gendered ideals of body form. One such measure that has been in place since the Victoria era is the wearing of corsets. In attempting this research, I thought that wearing a corset would provide an insight into the ways feminine bodily ideals are appropriated by women in a westerly context. Putting on the corset turn up to be a challenge only with the assistance of my roommate could I put it on. She laced the back up to as tight as it went and I wore it underneath my normal daily clothes. My first thought when wearing it was that it felt like a hug, when your body is encapsulated inside something it was quite pleasant and had an almost motherly feeling about it. As soon as I wore it, I immediately effected that I had to check out to control my br eathing because the corset would feel extremely tight every time I exhaled. Travelling in the car and on the train proved to be a challenge because the corset forced my body to arch my back and sit up straight, which is not the way I normally sit. When I slouched or moved in a way that the corset did not allow, it would dig into my stomach and ribs in a painful way. While walking, I realized that I was pushing my chest out and standing very straight. This made me feel like I was embodying the typical empowered woman image that shows a woman as sexy, confidently striding along an urban landscape, independent and beautiful. However, as the day went on, the uncomfortable sweatiness that it brought me made me loath wearing it. Coming home, I took it forth and wonder... ...er and Power at a Treatment Center. London Duke University Press.Riordan, G. (2007). The Corset Douglas, M. (1966). External Boundaries. In Purity and Danger. (pp. 140-159). New York City Routledge Classics .Savacool , J. (2009). The World Has Curves The Global Quest for the improve Body. New York City Rodale Books.Steele, V. (1985). Fashion and Eroticism. New York City Oxford University Press.Turner, B. S. (1996). The Body and Society. Thousand Oaks, California Sage Publications.Controversy Author(is)ing the Subject in/ of Tight-lacing.Social Semiotics, 17(3).Urla, J., & Swedlund, A. C. (1995). The Anthropometry of Barbie unsettling ideals of the feminine body in popular culture. In J. Terry & J. Urla (Eds.). Deviant Bodies. Bloomington Indiana University Press.Wolf, N. (1991). The Beauty Myth. New York City William Morrow and Company Inc..

Cognitive Theories of Human Development Essays -- Cognitive Developme

Cognitive Theories of Human DevelopmentJean Piaget, known as the most important theorist started the most comprehensive theory of ingenious development. Piaget was born in 1896, in Neuchatel Switzerland, and lived a full and significant life, he passed away at age 84. His father was a medieval historian, and his mother was a homemaker she was highly emotional and her behavior disrupted the normalcy of their home. Piaget married Valentine Chatenay, and they soon welcomed three girls Jacqueline, Lucienne, and Laurent. The Paigets spent much of their time observing the girls puerility development. Paigets success began early in life. At the age of 10 years, Piaget published an article about a sparrow. By the age of 21 years, he earned his doctorate in natural sciences. In the 1940s and 50s, he studied children and adolescents. He focused on childrens understanding of mathematical and scientific concepts he also continued to study cognitive development and philosophical questio ns in epistemology. Paiget initially faced objections from his peers by the late 1960s and the decades to follow, many psychologists began to admit the importance of his theories. Another significant contributor to the cognitive development theory was Lev Vygotsky.Vygotsky was born in 1896, in Tsarist Russia, to a middle-class Jewish family lamentably he died at the young age of 38, due to tuberculosis. His father was banking executive and his mother was a teacher although most of her time was spent raising their eighter children. In school he was known as the little professor. As a young adult, he attended the University of Moscow, but his Jewish decent be to be a struggle. Vygotsky studied law, but also dabbled in many ... ...speech. For Vygotsky, learning preceded development.Like Piaget, Vygotsky believed that childrens egocentric speech was an important part of their cognitive development. The two differed in how they viewed the purpose of egocentric speech. The main difference between social and cognitive is that cognitive development involves the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making, from childhood through adolescence to adulthood. ReferencesCrain, W.C. (2011). Theories of development Concepts and applications (6th ed.).Upper Saddle River, NJ Prentice Hall.Craig, G.J., & Dunn, D. (2010). Understanding human development (2nd ed.). UpperSaddle River, NJ Prentice Hall.

Great Barrier Reef Essay -- Wonders of the World, Australia

The Great Barrier Reef is known as one of the Seven Wonders of the World. It is believed to be one of the most incredible places on this earth. This reef is the largest biography organism on this planet and the only living thing on earth visible from space (2011). The warm waters of the southwest Pacific marine are the perfect environments to create the worlds largest system of coral reefs. The Great Barrier Reef is in such pristine condition that it was listed by the World hereditary pattern Trust as a protected site and is therefore, managed by the Great Barrier Reef Marine Park Authority to ensure that its beauty is maintain for many travelers and sightseers (Edgar 2010). Due to the complexity of this natural phenomenon, human practices have led to ecological problems for the reef, but preservation efforts can provide future generations the ability to claim from and experience one of the largest oceanic coral ecosystems in the world.The Great Barrier Reef is located just off the coast of Australia. This marine park stretches oer 1800 miles and is almost parallel to the Queensland coast (2011). The reef spans a distance of 65 km wide and reaches 15 to 150 km off shore (2011). At just 500,000 years old, the Great Barrier Reef is a relatively young structure. Yet even younger is the current reefs structure at less(prenominal) than 8,000 years old (Edgar 2010). The formation of the Great Barrier Reef is very complex. Coral reefs began to form in the region at about 58 to 48 million years ago when the Coral Sea Basin formed (Briney 2010). However, once the Australian continent moved to its present location, sea levels began to change, and coral reefs started to amaze fairly quickly, changing climate and sea levels. This consequently caused them to... ...populations, some countries have invested into look for farming or aquaculture, but some controversy has followed from this practice. Studies have shown that seek farms are not helpful in sustaining the native fish, and have actually harmed them instead. There are two main types of aquaculture onshore and offshore. These farms, often times receivable to overcrowded tanks, result in outbreaks of deadly diseases. An example is pop eye, an eye infection that causes swelling of the eye. On offshore farms, domesticated fish often escape with faulty and inferior netting, infecting native fish populations. Alternatively, offshore farms pose a different problem. Management of these facilities has been known to filter pure excess waste products of the fish into the ocean. The contaminated water, also full of nutrients, creates algae blooms and starves sea floor of sunlight.

Group Dynamics Essay -- essays research papers

The characteristics of effective GroupsMuch can be learned about the art of building an effective group. We now understand many of the principles that create the tight-laced environment in which groups can blossom and flourish. Yet we remain unable to "guarantee" that any given group will reach its goals or be anything more than modestly successful. However, even a group composed of "the very best people" has some probability of failure.( )Groups can take on so much more risk than individuals and can attempt a level of greatness that is beyond the realistic hope of any individual. To unleash the full personnel of groups, members need to sort out for themselves where and how they can best make use of their group and what, for them, group work means. Below ar characteristics of effective Groups.Clear useThe group members must agree on a clear purpose or goal and each team member is willing to work to accomplish these goals. The team is aware of and interested in i ts own processes and examines norms operating within the team. The team identifies its own resources and uses them, depending on its needs. The team willingly accepts the influence and leadership of the members whose resources are relevant to the immediate task.ListeningThe team members continually listen to and clarify what is being said and show interest in others thoughts and feelings. Differences of opinion are support and freely expressed. The team does not demand narrow conformity or ...

Parks, Moments and Forests Endangered Essay -- Conservation

putting greens, Moments and Forests existOne of the best ideas this country did was the creation our system of national monuments, parks, and forests as well utilize as a model for our state parks. Historically, parks and forests were the subject area of the very rich, influential, and the powerful where they could hunt and relax. Here in the United States that mindset prevailed that until the mid-1860s. With the discovery in the early 1800s by who were called mountain men of stewing zesty mud, steam being emitted out of the ground, water being ejected out of the ground that at first was dismissed as non nose out and was dubbed Colters Hell (Burns). This is until a prestiges expedition brought back detailed description of hot springs, the boiling mud, and of course the geysers. After this time a sense was gaining momentum that we, as a nation, should preserve such wonders for not only the rich and powerful, hardly for all citizens to enjoy. Our parks became the last refuge of animals that otherwise possess disappeared forever (Burns). Our national park system for the creating of the first national park at Yellowstone, they outride to evolve of who should control the national parks, what should be contained within their boundaries, as yet if they should exist at all (Burns). A push for the creation of a Nations Park came repayable to the near ruin of Niagara with landowners owning every vista and overlook of the fall and charging a fee, commercialization gone wild and what became a national embarrassment (Burns). While Yellowstone is formally the first national park, Yosemite with a bill passed in 1864 introduced a bill to protect the Yosemite Valley and signed by President Lincoln. This became a cascade of more parks being created, but not only fo... ...dea. Prod. cognisance Burns and Dayton Duncan. Perf. Peter Coyote. PBS, 2009. DVD.Sharon, Susan. Maine Lawmakers scatter to Oppose Creation of a topic Park. PBS. MPBN, Maine, 17 June 2011. Main e Lawmakers Resolve to Oppose Creation of a National Park. PBS, 17 June 2011. Web. 13 Mar. 2012.United States. segment of the Interior. National Park Service. Budget. By GPO. National Park Service, 18 Jan. 2012. Web. 11 Apr. 2012.United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. National Park Service Cultural Resources Discover History. By Robert W. Righter. The Western Historical Quarterly. Web. 13 Mar. 2012.United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Wildland Fire in Yellowstone. By GPO. National Park Service. Web. 11 Apr. 2012.The Yosemite Valley Case. Supreme Court. Dec. 1872. FindLaw. Thomson Reuters Business. Web. 8 Apr. 2012. Parks, Moments and Forests Endangered Essay -- Conservation Parks, Moments and Forests EndangeredOne of the best ideas this country did was the creation our system of national monuments, parks, and forests as well used as a model for our state parks. Historically, parks and forests were the domain of the very rich, influential, and the powerful where they could hunt and relax. Here in the United States that mindset prevailed that until the mid-1860s. With the discovery in the early 1800s by who were called mountain men of boiling hot mud, steam being emitted out of the ground, water being ejected out of the ground that at first was dismissed as nonsense and was dubbed Colters Hell (Burns). This is until a prestiges expedition brought back detailed description of hot springs, the boiling mud, and of course the geysers. After this time a sense was gaining momentum that we, as a nation, should preserve such wonders for not only the rich and powerful, but for all citizens to enjoy. Our parks became the last refuge of animals that otherwise have disappeared forever (Burns). Our national park system for the creating of the first national park at Yellowstone, they continue to evolve of who should control the national parks, what should be contained within their boundaries, even if the y should exist at all (Burns). A push for the creation of a Nations Park came due to the near ruin of Niagara with landowners owning every vista and overlook of the falls and charging a fee, commercialization gone wild and what became a national embarrassment (Burns). While Yellowstone is officially the first national park, Yosemite with a bill passed in 1864 introduced a bill to protect the Yosemite Valley and signed by President Lincoln. This became a cascade of more parks being created, but not only fo... ...dea. Prod. Ken Burns and Dayton Duncan. Perf. Peter Coyote. PBS, 2009. DVD.Sharon, Susan. Maine Lawmakers Resolve to Oppose Creation of a National Park. PBS. MPBN, Maine, 17 June 2011. Maine Lawmakers Resolve to Oppose Creation of a National Park. PBS, 17 June 2011. Web. 13 Mar. 2012.United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Budget. By GPO. National Park Service, 18 Jan. 2012. Web. 11 Apr. 2012.United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. National Park Service Cultural Resources Discover History. By Robert W. Righter. The Western Historical Quarterly. Web. 13 Mar. 2012.United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Wildland Fire in Yellowstone. By GPO. National Park Service. Web. 11 Apr. 2012.The Yosemite Valley Case. Supreme Court. Dec. 1872. FindLaw. Thomson Reuters Business. Web. 8 Apr. 2012.

Parks, Moments and Forests Endangered Essay -- Conservation

Parks, Moments and Forests EndangeredOne of the best ideas this orbit did was the creation our system of content monuments, super Cs, and forests as well used as a simulate for our state parks. Historicall(a)y, parks and forests were the domain of the very rich, influential, and the powerful where they could range and relax. Here in the United States that mindset prevailed that until the mid-1860s. With the discovery in the early 1800s by who were called mountain men of boiling hot mud, steam macrocosm emitted out of the ground, water being ejected out of the ground that at first was dismissed as nonsense and was dubbed Colters Hell (Burns). This is until a prestigiousnesss expedition brought back detailed description of hot springs, the boiling mud, and of course the geysers. aft(prenominal) this time a sense was gaining momentum that we, as a nation, should preserve such wonders for not only the rich and powerful, exactly for all citizens to enjoy. Our parks became the fi t refuge of animals that otherwise have disappeared forever (Burns). Our national park system for the creating of the first national park at Yellowstone, they continue to evolve of who should control the national parks, what should be contained within their boundaries, even if they should exist at all (Burns). A push for the creation of a Nations Park came due to the near ruin of Niagara with landowners owning any vista and overlook of the falls and charging a fee, commercialization bypast wild and what became a national embarrassment (Burns). While Yellowstone is officially the first national park, Yosemite with a bill passed in 1864 introduced a bill to protect the Yosemite valley and signed by President Lincoln. This became a cascade of more parks being created, but not only fo... ...dea. Prod. Ken Burns and Dayton Duncan. Perf. Peter Coyote. PBS, 2009. DVD.Sharon, Susan. Maine Lawmakers sever to Oppose Creation of a internal Park. PBS. MPBN, Maine, 17 June 2011. Maine Law makers Resolve to Oppose Creation of a subject field Park. PBS, 17 June 2011. Web. 13 Mar. 2012.United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Budget. By GPO. National Park Service, 18 Jan. 2012. Web. 11 Apr. 2012.United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. National Park Service Cultural Resources name History. By Robert W. Righter. The Western Historical Quarterly. Web. 13 Mar. 2012.United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Wildland disregard in Yellowstone. By GPO. National Park Service. Web. 11 Apr. 2012.The Yosemite vale Case. Supreme Court. Dec. 1872. FindLaw. Thomson Reuters Business. Web. 8 Apr. 2012. Parks, Moments and Forests Endangered Essay -- Conservation Parks, Moments and Forests EndangeredOne of the best ideas this country did was the creation our system of national monuments, parks, and forests as well used as a model for our state parks. Historically, parks and forests were the domai n of the very rich, influential, and the powerful where they could hunt and relax. Here in the United States that mindset prevailed that until the mid-1860s. With the discovery in the early 1800s by who were called mountain men of boiling hot mud, steam being emitted out of the ground, water being ejected out of the ground that at first was dismissed as nonsense and was dubbed Colters Hell (Burns). This is until a prestiges expedition brought back detailed description of hot springs, the boiling mud, and of course the geysers. After this time a sense was gaining momentum that we, as a nation, should preserve such wonders for not only the rich and powerful, but for all citizens to enjoy. Our parks became the last refuge of animals that otherwise have disappeared forever (Burns). Our national park system for the creating of the first national park at Yellowstone, they continue to evolve of who should control the national parks, what should be contained within their boundaries, even if they should exist at all (Burns). A push for the creation of a Nations Park came due to the near ruin of Niagara with landowners owning every vista and overlook of the falls and charging a fee, commercialization gone wild and what became a national embarrassment (Burns). While Yellowstone is officially the first national park, Yosemite with a bill passed in 1864 introduced a bill to protect the Yosemite Valley and signed by President Lincoln. This became a cascade of more parks being created, but not only fo... ...dea. Prod. Ken Burns and Dayton Duncan. Perf. Peter Coyote. PBS, 2009. DVD.Sharon, Susan. Maine Lawmakers Resolve to Oppose Creation of a National Park. PBS. MPBN, Maine, 17 June 2011. Maine Lawmakers Resolve to Oppose Creation of a National Park. PBS, 17 June 2011. Web. 13 Mar. 2012.United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Budget. By GPO. National Park Service, 18 Jan. 2012. Web. 11 Apr. 2012.United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. National Park Service Cultural Resources Discover History. By Robert W. Righter. The Western Historical Quarterly. Web. 13 Mar. 2012.United States. Department of the Interior. National Park Service. Wildland Fire in Yellowstone. By GPO. National Park Service. Web. 11 Apr. 2012.The Yosemite Valley Case. Supreme Court. Dec. 1872. FindLaw. Thomson Reuters Business. Web. 8 Apr. 2012.

Associates Degree vs. Bachelors Degree Essay

It is fairly impossible today to establish a biography an advance within it without a college education. However, the cost of a college degree has been on the rise each year. Attending a fellowship college is a good excerption for individuals who are concerned about cost, time, flexibility or are unsure of their career path. Starting at a junior college before transferring to a university is overly a smart thing to do. If a four-year degree is needed, it is worthwhile to complete the general requirements at a 2-year institution, then move on to a university.School is non for every(prenominal)one. If a assimilator struggled through high school, then maybe a certificate program at a junior college is utter(a) for that person. Because a certificate program takes less time to complete, this means there is less time for a assimilator to struggle through it. Not every job requires a four-year degree, so why waste time and money? If a student does not want a four-year degree, juni or colleges offer a great number of programs of carry that are interesting. Junior colleges offer certificates and associates degrees in various fields.Students may decide to take only a couple of semesters to get a certificate in a certain field. Earning a certificate takes less time and saves a lot of money. If a student decides to get a certificate, the student does not have to take the general requirements for an associates degree. The certificate programs are designed to prepare a student for an entry-level job upon completion of the program. ?Financial advantage The most obvious reason that students string up community college is for the financial advantage.Many junior colleges cost less than two thousand dollars each semester to attend full time, which is optional. Attending community college gives students the chance to prepare for the financial demands of a 4-year university if they plan on transferring. If transferring is something the student would like to do and wouldn t have the finances for then they could apply for scholarships, there are also extra-curricular activities at junior colleges, including sports, drama clubs, and so on, so you arent abstracted out on the extras if you go to a community college.Some even get scholarships and are able to transfer to a university. In addition to the savings on tuition and classes but there is also the factor of room and board. If attending a community college then you butt end live at photographic plate and save yourself housing and food costs. ?Many students dont realize that if they plan on working while attending school, community college is hands down, the trump option. They offer far more night classes than other universities and more schedule options.The workload, unfortunately, is lighter than a state school or private university and attendance is not usually required so students get out what they put in. Community colleges offer more flexibility in their course design than four-year college s and universities. This makes a community college more convenient and welcoming to non-traditional students and those with prior work or family commitments. Course schedules are developed with attention to the variable needs of both part-time and regular students, so classes are usually offered throughout the day and evening, and sometimes on weekends.Community college programs offer the diversity needed for those students who are not available to attend school full-time during the day.? A college education is a requirement for most professional jobs. Even officers in the military are required to have a bachelors degree. Also having a higher education than a high school diploma increase your earning potential, so having an education beyond high school can lead you to a high paying job, in which case you will be able to pay off your school debt if any was acquired and make up for other costs while attending classes.Attending college allows educational growth. It also gives vex of the importance of time management. For many college could be the last chance for study in such an academic environment in which the professors teach them plenty of knowledge in many aspects and they try their best to collect as some(prenominal) and as best as they can on the students subject(s) of choice.This also helps them gain an abundance of knowledge for future life. ? In conclusion, all people are boost to attend college or university. The more people attend college or university, the more developed society is. As long as background knowledge and experience decide ones job opportunities, people who attend college or university are constructing their future with the best materials.

Food and Beverage in Indonesia Essay

This document is one of a series of free information tools for exporters produced by newborn Zealand trade and Enterprise. New Zealand administer and Enterprise provides a wide divagate of standard services and sophisticated solutions that assist businesses through every stage of the export process. For information or advice, phone New Zealand Trade and Enterprise on 0800 555 888, inflict www. nzte. govt. nz, or contact your New Zealand Trade and Enterprise client manager. CONTENTS 1 MARKET STRUCTURE 1. 1 securities industry place Overview 1. 2 1. 3 1. 4 1. 5 1.6 2 2 Market Drivers Market Potential Import Trends Key Players in the Market regulatory Sustainability 3 3 6 7 7 8 9 11 12 12 12 12 13 13 14 MARKET ENTRY AND DEVELOPMENT 2. 1 Market Entry Strategies 2. 2 2. 3 2. 4 2. 5 Points of Differentiation Long Term Strategic Issues for Exporters to realise Distri unlession Channels Pricing 3 MARKET RESOURCES AND CONTACTS 2/ Exporter put across Indonesia food and crapulence February 2012 1 MARKET STRUCTURE Indonesia is the worlds quartern most populous country with a population of 232. 5 cardinal in 2010, and the largest economy in Southeast Asia.In 2011, New Zealands feed and drinkable exports lendled US$468. 3 million, making Indonesia New Zealands 11th largest export destination. i In zero(prenominal)ember 2011, Indonesia provided formal notification of the completion of its internal ratification procedures to enable the ASEAN Australia New Zealand Free Trade Agreement (AANZFTA). From 10 January 2012, AANZFTA will open up considerable opportunities for New Zealand businesses. The agreement will allow handicraft / duty free access to over 90 per centum of New Zealand goods and services by 2015.ii 1. 1 Market Overview In 2010 and 2011, dairy and marrow products comprised over 76 percent of New Zealands food and beverage exports to Indonesia (2010 US$363 million 2011 US$381 million). In 2010, Indonesias dairy and meat securities industry w as worth an estimated US$2 billion. The major(ip)ity of the population in Indonesia, approximately 85 percent, are Muslim and all slaughtered food and meat (excluding pork) must take for halal certification. iii 3/ Exporter Guide Indonesia victuals and swallow February 2012 1. 1.1 Market by product category Packaged food In 2010, Indonesias packaged food trade was abide byd at US$19. 1 billion. The sale of impulse and indulgence products (i. e. chocolates) grew due to increasing affluence. Nutrition and staples (i. e. rice) grew by 31 percent in 2010. Canned / preserved food had a graduate(prenominal) product rate of 20 percent in 2010. Indonesia Sales of Packaged intellectual nourishment by Category Value 2005-2010 in million USD 2007 Packaged feed Total Nutrition/staples (i. e. rice) Dried Processed Food (i. e. dessert mixes, instant soup) nerve impulse and Indulgence Products (i. e.chocolate coated biscuits) Bakery Dairy Noodles Baby Food Confectionery Meal Solution s (i. e. tomato pastes).Sweet and Savoury Snacks Oils and Fats Sauces, Dressings and Condiments Frozen Processed Food grouch Cream Canned/Preserved Food Chilled Processed Food Spreads Meal Replacement (i. e. breakfast bars) Pasta Ready Meals (i. e. instant pasta) Snack Bars soup 13,110 7,876 4,089 4,148 2,111 1,484 1,340 1,257 1,287 1,086 779 759 477 263 245 200 63 62 13 11 4 0. 9 3 2008 14,307 8,798 4,642 4,318 2,201 1,540 1,487 1,398 1,329 1,190 812 909 499 306 269 230 68 65 15 12 4 3 3 2009 14,817.9,167 4,909 4,404 2,238 1,596 1,526 1,496 1,360 1,244 832 845 510 327 278 251 68 66 16 13 4 3 3 2010 19,100 11,959 6,515 5,506 2,781 2,026 1,999 1,967 1,704 1,634 1,054 1,039 653 439 356 346 86 82 21 17 5 4 4 get-go Euromonitor International (NB IDR/USD currency 2007 9141, 2008 9699, 2009 10389. 9, 2010 9090. 4) 4/ Exporter Guide Indonesia Food and drinkable February 2012 Fresh food In 2010, the fresh food market in Indonesia had a total passel of 48. 1 million tonnes, making Ind onesia the fifth largest fresh food market in the world. During the conclusion 20052010, exact of fresh food change magnitude by 13 percent.iv Indonesia Fresh food market in Indonesia in million tonnes Starchy Roots Fruits Vegetables lean and Seafood Meat Sugar and Sweeteners Eggs soft Pulses 2007 14,985 10,386 9,095 5,016 1,969 1,778 743 671 222 2008 15,148 10,786 9,356 5,153 2,024 1,825 761 700 224 2009 15,309 11,147 9,613 5,291 2,078 1,872 777 730 227 2010 15,455 11,489 9,868 5,432 2,138 1,914 794 762 230 2011f 15,582 11,787 10,119 5,592 2,188 1,952 808 798 234 reservoir Euromonitor International (NB 2011 forecasts) Wineiv In 2011, the Indonesian wine market was worth approximately US$32 million (RP 275. 4 billion) and sell sales totalled 3.1 million fiftys. Wine accounted for only 3 percent of total alcohol sales. Beer is considerably more(prenominal) popular as an alcoholic beverage. During the period 2008-2010, wine volume sales declined by 6 percent. While prices in creased, the demand from Indonesian consumers with high disposable incomes and expatriates remained and the number of wine enthusiasts in Indonesia grew. The growth was influenced by western close and wine events such(prenominal) as wine tasting, wine dinners and classes. The wine market showed an increase in sales by value of 61 percent during the period 2008-2010.v Indonesia Wine Sales Off-trade Value in million USD Off-trade Volume in million cubic decimeters 2006 12. 0 3. 3 2007 14. 0 3. 4 2008 15. 0 3. 4 2009 16. 0 3. 3 2010 28. 0 3. 2 2011 32. 0 3. 1 Source Euromonitor International (NB IDR/USD currency 2006 9159. 3, 2007 9141, 2008 9699, 2009 10389. 9, 2010 9090. 4, 2011 8696. 1) 1. 1. 2 Market by distribution channel cumulation grocery retail In 2011, traditional retailers, comprising small nonsymbiotic stores and open air markets, accounted for an estimated 77 percent of the total retail sales. vii 5/ Exporter Guide Indonesia Food and Beverage February 2012In the org anised retail sector, Hypermarkets had the largest market share in 2010, with US$13. 6 billion in sales, discharge forthed by supermarkets (US$11 billion) and thingamabob stores / mini-markets (US$5 billion). During the period 2005-2010, supermarket sales increased by 112 percent, followed by hypermarkets (109 percent) and convenience stores / mini-markets (105 percent). loudness Grocery Retail Sector Estimated Number of Outlets 2005 Total Convenience Stores / Mini-Markets supermarkets Hypermarkets Source Business Monitor International 2006 7,154 3,337 3,173 644 2007 8,530 3,953 3,830 747 2008 9,429 4,334 4,297 798.2009 10,572 4,871 4,801 900 2010 11,524 5,299 5,252 973 5,912 2,758 2,652 502 1. 2 Market Drivers The following are viewed as get wind drivers for the food and beverage market in Indonesia ? The food and beverage market in Indonesia grew in 2010, recovering from the worldwide recession. Purchasing power of middle and upper income consumers revived with an increase of disposable income. Political and economic conditions fortify and the number of modern retail outlets and food service retailers grew. vi Consumers are embracing the wellness conscious trend seen throughout the world, as a dissolving agent of exposure to health education through the media.vi To cumulate the increasing demand of educated and health conscious consumers, the Indonesian government has taken on initiatives such as the Merauke Integrated Food and Energy Estate project. Through this US$5 billion project, the government expects to produce almost 2 million tonnes of rice, 2 million tonnes of corn, 2. 5 million tonnes of sugar, 937,000 tonnes of palm oil,167,000 tonnes of soy beans and grazing land for 64,000 cattle. vii In April 2010, taxation on wine increased momentantly resulting in an increase in wine prices.Approximately 45 percent of the cost paid by consumers is tax, including sales tax (VAT), excise and import tax. v While traditional markets still account for the majority of retail sales, they face greater pressure on market share as modern retail becomes more popular. While the government tried to discourage the rapid spread of modern retail, it wasnt successful in enforcing its legislative regulations and modern retailers increased in numbers by using fake permits in some cases. iii ? ? ? ? 6/ Exporter Guide Indonesia Food and Beverage February 2012 1. 3 Market PotentialThe general food consumption is forecast to grow by a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 9. 1 percent to 2015. vii Modern retail, such as hypermarkets are projected to increase in numbers as urban centres expand and demand increases for convenience and added-value products (i. e. rice and noodle ready-meals). However, most consumers in Indonesia remain price sensitive and private label will be a popular alternative as it is perceived as good value rather than cheap. vii The sale of alcoholic beverages is expected to decline with a CAGR of 2. 3 percent during 2010 -2015. However, wine is forecast to grow with a CAGR of 1.4 percent during 20102015 as wine is perceived to be a healthier option than other alcoholic beverages such as beer. v Indonesia has a massive offspring population of around 40. 9 million, aged between 15 and 24. This age group tends to be more westernised compared to the older population and is projected to drive demand for mass market products such as confectionary goods. vii There are opportunities for products targeted to improve the condition of specific health problems. These products include calcium fortified draw to prevent osteoporosis, dairy milk for nursing mothers, baby food and products for weight and cholesterol reduction.vi 1. 4 Import Trendsvii In 2010, Indonesia trade an estimated US$8. 1 billion, a growth of 25 percent from 2009. Indonesia is relatively resilient to global trade volatility but reliant on dairy and poultry imports to meet demand. Indonesia Food and Beverage Trade in million USD 2009 Export s Imports Balance 18,756 6,476 12,280 2010e 24,765 8,120 16,645 2011f 30,406 9,573 20,833 2012f 36,517 11,233 25,284 2013f 43,492 13,172 30,320 2014f 52,167 15,598 36,563 2015f 62,034 18,448 43,585 Source Business Monitor International (NB 2010 estimate 2011-2015 forecasts)7/ Exporter Guide Indonesia Food and Beverage February 2012 1. 5 Key Players in the Marketvii Food and beverages nest Indonesia had the highest market share with sales of US$23. 2 billion in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Nestle has a market leading position in the dairy sector and in its instant noodle category, operates a 50-50 joint venture with Indofood Sukses Makmur. One of Indonesias key players in alcoholic beverages is Multi Bintang with 414 employees and US$209. 5 million in sales in 2010.Indonesia Key Players in the food and beverage market Company Nestle Indonesia Indofood Sukses akmur Terbuka Unilever Indonesia PT Charoen Pokphand Indonesia Mayora Indah Tbk Sari Husada PT Malindo Feedmill Tbk PT S iantar Top Tiga Pilar Sejahtera Food Sub-sector confectionery and dairy miscellaneous food dairy and tea meat and Fish confectionery formula and baby food miscellaneous food Snack food Snack food and instant noodles Sales (US$mn) 23,238** 4,493 2,303 1,764 845 317e 238 89 83 Yearending Dec-10 Dec-10 Dec-10 Dec-10 Dec-10 2010 Dec-10 Dec-10 Dec-09 No.Of employees 1,232 64,200 3,308 7,095 4,407 902 2,144 4,292 1,925 Year Established 1971 1990 1933 1972 1977 1954 na 1970 na Source Company Investor Relations, BMI (NB e = estimate, na = not available, **Includes Papua New Guinea) Mass Grocery Retail Hero Supermarket Tbk had the largest sales within the mass grocery retail sector with US$8. 97 billion in 2010. Hero has a broad range of store formats and offers pooh-pooh value products while Carrefour, the biggest foreign retailer in Indonesia, dominates the upper end of the market.8/Exporter Guide Indonesia Food and Beverage February 2012 Key Players in Indonesias Mass Grocery Retail S ector, 2011 Parent Company PT Hero Supermark et Tbk PT Sumber Alfaria Trijaya Tbk PT Matahari Putra Prima Tbk Country of Origin Indonesia / Hong Kong Sales, US$ mn 8,971 Financial grade 2010 Brand Hero Giant StarMart Indonesia 1,645 2010 Alfamart Alfa Minimart Foodmart Hypermart Cut Price PT Carrefour Indonesia PT Makro Indonesia ** PT Ramayana Lestari Sentosa Tbk PT Indomaret Prismatama PT Lion Superindo PT Alfa Retailindo Tbk France / Indonesia Netherlands Indonesia.Indonesia Belgium / Indonesia Indonesia 1,570*** 656e 639 500e 431* 187 2010 2010 2009 2010 2010 2010 Carrefour Makro Ramayana Indomaret Super Indo Alfa Alfa Grosir Gelael Format Supermarket Hypermarket Convenience Store Supermarket Convenience Store Supermarket Hypermarket Discount Store Hypermarket Supermarket Cash & Carry Supermarket Convenience Store Supermarket Supermarket Supermarket Supermarket No of outlets 120 38 cxxv 4812 Indonesia 1,615 2009 25 52 9 63 16 20 104 5,174 74 35 8 11.Source Company Investor Rela tions, BMI (NB e = estimate,*Based on Delhaize mathematical group Rest of World Sales,** South Koreas Lotte acquired Makro in October 2008,***Based on CarrefoursIndonesia sales. ?Includes franchised, independent stores) 1. 6 Regulatory Information provided in this character is for reference only. When negotiating supply contracts and before beginning actual export, companies are cognizant to consult closely with their importer or distributor. Duties and tariffs Under AANZFTA there will be tariff free access to more than 90 percent of New Zealand goods by 2015, and the majority of these are food and beverage products.9/ Exporter Guide Indonesia Food and Beverage February 2012 Alcoholic beverages in Indonesia including wine are strictly regulated due to the Muslim Law. Wines are subject to 10 percent value added tax (VAT), import tax of 150 percent and income tax of 25 percent. Category A B C Classification Alcoholic beverage with 1-5 percent ethanol case Alcoholic beverage wit h 5-20 percent ethanol content Alcoholic beverage with 20-55 percent ethanol content Import duty USD 1. 57 / litre IDR 14,000 / litre USD 6. 18 / litre IDR 55,000 / litre USD 14.00 / litre IDR 125,000 / litre Excise Tax USD 1. 25 / litre IDR 11,000 / litre USD 4. 5 / litre IDR 40,000 / litre USD 14. 61 / litre IDR130,000 / litre For more information, visit the Directorate General of Customs & Excise at www. beacukai. go. id or the AANZFTA at www. asean. fta. govt. nz. Licensing and registration requirements Prior to importation of food, companies must follow a registration process which involves a fee of Rp 150,000-3,000,000 (approximately NZ$17-345).The documents needed to register include ? ? ? ? ?a letter that guarantees safety, quality, nutrition and labelling an authorisation letter from the manufacturer health certificate or certificate of free sale issued by authorised deputy from country of origin an audit report of distribution facilities from NADFC (National Agency of do d rugss and Food Control) provincial office. copy of registration approval letter from the NZ partys importer For more information on licensing and registration, visit National Agency of Drug and Food Control at www. pom. go. id Labelling requirements.All imported food and beverages need to be labelled in Indonesian language and must contain ? ? ? ? brand identify name of product (type of food) list of ingredients net weight or net content or drained weight (if applicable) 10/ Exporter Guide Indonesia Food and Beverage .February 2012 ? ? ? name and address of parties that produce or import the products into Indonesia registration number date, month and year of minimum durability For more information on labelling, visit the National Agency of Drug and Food Control at www. pom. go. id. Quotas New Zealand wine exports are subject to Indonesias import quotas. The Indonesian government increased the import quota for wine to 225,000 cases in 2009, from 80,000 cases in 2008.The number of cases of wine imported in 2008 and 2009 were 77,485 and 191,953 cases respectively. Error Bookmark not defined. Indonesia has likewise recently imposed beef quotas which are being reviewed regularly. Halal Halal certification in Indonesia is required for all food derived from animal products, and recommended for companies whose products are targeting the mass retail market. Exporters are advised to check this closely with their importers or distributors in Indonesia. The Federation of Islamic Associations of New Zealand (FIANZ) is recognised by the Indonesian Ulama Council (MUI) for certifying products in New Zealand.They can be contacted at fianzztra. co. nz. For more information on the overseas market access requirements (including halal requirements), visit the New Zealand Food Safety Authority at www. foodsafety. govt. nz For more information on halal, visit the MUI at www. halalmui. org 1. 7 Sustainabilityviii The Indonesian Government encourages companies to use sustainable packaging and recyclable materials through tax incentives and an awards system. The government plans to hike the environmentally friendly packaging through Industrial Regulations in Indonesia (RUU Perindustrian).Alternatives to plastic packaging such as vegetable material or bio-plastic packaging pee-pee been welcomed by the market. Bio-plastic is made from biotic materials (i. e. corn, cassava or micro-biota) and the material is easier to decompose. A national water company, PT Aqua Golden Mississippi, is currently developing a water bottle from vegetable material. The Indonesian Nanotechnology Society is researching a thinner plastic bottle which can be decomposed in 4 to 8 weeks. 11/ Exporter Guide Indonesia Food and Beverage February 2012 2 MARKET ENTRY AND DEVELOPMENT 2.1 Market Entry Strategies Indonesia is a price sensitive market, but with the growth of the new generation of middle and high income consumers, the quality of products is of greater importance. Branded and high quality food and beverage products are in demand. The middle high income segment is paying more attention to healthy products as the new generation becomes more health conscious. Indonesian consumers prefer internationally well-k forthwithn brands and imported products, particularly for their children. In 2010, the government approved a number of import licences for alcoholic beverages.There were previously only 2 companies with import licences but now more than 20 companies have secured a licence. To acquire an import licence, a company needs to have at least 20 brands in its portfolio. It is recommended that New Zealand food and beverage products focus on capital of Indonesia (with a population of 9. 6 million), Surabaya (4 million) and Bali (4 million). Jakarta and Surabaya are big markets in their own right but are also distribution hubs to the east and western parts of Indonesia. Bali is a popular tourism destination and there is a demand for quality products from hotels and restaurants.2. 2 Points of Differentiation New Zealand is known in Indonesia as a producer of fresh, clean, high quality and healthy products. However, the market holds little knowledge about the range of products New Zealand sells. New Zealand companies need to continuously promote the overall New Zealand image for the benefit of their products. 2. 3 Long Term Strategic Issues for Exporters to Consider deep a number of new regulations were introduced, which are aimed at protecting local producers of horticultural, agricultural and dairy products.Political issues and corruption are still a major issue in doing business in Indonesia. All imported food and beverage products must be registered by Indonesias National Agency for Food and Drugs Control (BPOM). New Zealand food and beverage exporters are advised to check with their Indonesian customers or partners what the exact process is. The specified time limit for BPOM to issue registration is 45 working days, but in the past it has taken 6-12 months. 12/ Exporter Guide Indonesia Food and Beverage February 2012 2. 4 Distribution Channels.The best market penetration strategy is to appoint a local importer who has an established network across Indonesia. This will enable New Zealand businesses to access the retail market and also the HORECA (hotel, restaurant and catering) markets. Importers will undertake the product registration on behalf of New Zealand companies. New Zealand companies must provide the necessary documentation including a letter of naming for the Indonesian importer. 2. 5 Pricing New Zealand products face stiff competition from other imported products, particularly products from Asian countries.With the right pricing and product status strategies, Indonesian consumers are willing to pay for premium products. Mark-ups for imported products will include ? ? ? import agent fees custom duties value added tax (VAT) of 5-10 percent 13/ Exporter Guide Indonesia Food and Beverage February 20 12 2.MARKET RESOURCES AND CONTACTS ASSOCIATIONS /ORGANISATION ASEAN New Zealand Combined Business Council Halal Indonesia The Federation of Islamic Associations of New Zealand (FIANZ) WEBLINK www. asean. org. nz www. halalindonesia. org/ www. fianz. co. nz/index. php Indonesia National Agency of Drug and Food Control www.pom. go. id ASEAN Australia New Zealand Free Trade Agreement Guide Ministry of Health Republic of Indonesia Directorate General of Customs & Excise.TRADE EVENTS InterFood Indonesia Fish and Seafood Indonesia Agri Indo Jakarta Fashion & Food Festival OTHER NZTE PUBLICATIONS Indonesia Country Brief Wine Market in Southeast Asia Food and beverage in the hotel, restaurant and institutions market in Southeast Asia www. asean. fta. govt. nz www. depkes. go. id/en/ www. beacukai. go. id WEBLINK www. interfood-indonesia. com www. fisheryandseafoodexpo. com www. agri-indo. com www. jfff. info WEBLINK www. nzte.govt. nz www. nzte. govt. nz /www. nzte. govt. nz DisclaimerThis publication is provided to you as a free service and is intended to flag to you market opportunities and possibilities. Use of and trustfulness on the information/products/technology/concepts discussed in this publication, and the suitability of these for your business is entirely at your own risk. You are advised to carry out your own independent assessment of this opportunity. The information in this publication is general it was prepared by New Zealand Trade and Enterprise (NZTE) from publicly available and/or subscription database sources.NZTE its officers, employees and agents accept no liability for any errors or omissions or any opinion/s expressed, and no responsibility is accepted with respect to the standing of any firm/s, company/ies or individual/s mentioned. New Zealand Trade and Enterprise is not responsible for any adverse consequences arising out of such use. You release New Zealand Trade and Enterprise from all claims arising from this publication. New Zealand Trad e and Enterprise reserves the right to reuse any general market information contained in its reports. i ii iii iv v vi vii viii Euromonitor International, 26 August 2011.Indonesia Country Profile APNZ, 15 November 2011. Indonesia to join regional FTA. The New Zealand Herald. Retrieved from www. nzherald. co. nz Euromonitor International, 9 August 2011. Consumer Food Service in Indonesia. Euromonitor International, 2011. Market sizes, Indonesia Euromonitor International, February 2011. Alcoholic Drinks Indonesia Euromonitor International, November 2010. Packaged food Indonesia Business Monitor International, August 2011. Indonesia Food & Drink Report Q4 2011. Euromonitor International, April 2011. publicity Indonesia 14/ Exporter Guide Indonesia Food and Beverage February 2012.

The Bluest Eye-Theme of Vision

Toni Morrisons highly acclaimed debut work, The Bluest Eye, is whiz of unquestionable beauty and intricately woven prose. As a fictional writer, Morrison avails herself of her literary faculties, using her mastery of description in order to convey an unusually lucid picture to the reader. The five senses seem to envelop a great deal of description in the novel, almost nonably that of sight. As has been discovered by virtue of studying the brains neural and cognitive machinery, vision occupies large regions of the brain.Although in a more abstract sense, visions disproportionate influence on the narrative and the storys characters is greatly manifested in The Bluest Eye. One powerful way in which vision dictates many aspects of the novel is through the concept of aesthetic beauty. Throughout the novel, Morrison paints a detailed motion picture of how African-Americans, especially young, amenable girls, argon subject to the conventional indoctrination of beauty.Society has taught them to equate white with beautiful, and to go to considerable lengths to whiten themselves, such as in the case of women handle Geraldine, who is described as sugar-brown in skin tone they never cover the entire mouth for fear of lips too thick, and they worry, worry, worry about the edges of their hair (83). Geraldine eventide goes as far as to inculcate this physical selfloathing in her own son, Junior his hair was cut as close to his scalp as doable to avoid any suggestion of wool, the part was etched into his hair by the barber (87).Any manifestations of stereotypical racial features, such as full lips and wool-textured hair are carefully concealed in an effort to adhere to the white ideal of what is beautiful. In the town of Lorain, Ohio, subliminal and implicit messages emphasizing whiteness as best are found everywhere, and seemingly impossible to ignore. The quintessential white infant doll given to Claudia as a present, romanticism of Shirley Temple, the exaltation of the light-skinned Maureen, idealization of white female actresses in movies, and Paulines nurturing of the little white girl are a few examples of the ways in which hese hyp nonic images lodge in the vulnerable consciousness of the African-American women and young girls in the story. Adult women, having matured into consummate self-loathers, detesting the bodies in which they were born, transmit their hatred by taking it out on their own children Mrs. Breedlove adopts the conviction that her daughter is pathetic, and Geraldine curses Pecolas blackness. The idea that ugliness is in fact a state of mind is presented early on in the moderate when illustrating the Breedlove family Mrs. Breedlove, Sammy Breedlove, and Pecola Breedlovewore their ugliness (38).This sentence provides an implication that the Breedloves ugliness was a result of deliberate choice. The narrator then continues on, observing, You looked at them and wondered why they were so ugly you looked fast and could no t find the source (39). In saying this, one can elicit that the members of the Breedlove family are not inherently ugly, rather they are driven to commit that they are and that they deserve to be, convincing those that look upon them that they are ugly. The Breedloves sense of physical insecurity emanates outwardly, and causes others to see them in the way they want to be seen.For one reason or another, being viewed with contempt for their appearance benefits them in some way. For Mrs. Breedlove, her ugliness is used for purposes of martyrdom, for Sammy, it is used to inflict pain, and for Pecola, it is used as a screen to hide behind. In the vein of vision, a recurring motif that is discernable in The Bluest Eye is seeing versus being seen. Many characters in the novel, most frequently, Pecola, express feelings of being disregarded and invisible when interacting or in the vicinity of white people.In the passage about the Breedloves bread and butter situation, they are described as living in anonymous misery. The fact that they paradoxically live in anonymity despite being exposed to passersby on the street, introduces this prevailing theme. Conceivably one of the most memorable scenes that addresses this subject is when Mrs. Breedlove recounts giving birth. In referring to the doctors, she says, They never said nothing to me. Only one looked at me. Looked at my face, I mean. I looked right posterior at him. He dropped his eyes and turned red. He knowed, I reckon, that maybe I werent no horse foaling (125).By refusing to make eye contact with her and get laid her, the doctors, in a way, dehumanize her. She sees them, but they do not see her. They treat her as though she is an animal, rather than a sentient human being, and although uneducated, Mrs. Breedlove is perceptive enough to notice this. She believes that if they were to lock eyes with her, they would realize something unpleasant that she is no different from the white patients. With regard to invi sibility, the early scene with Pecola in the candy entrepot also seems to be particularly telling.In speaking of Mr. Yacobowski, it says, he senses that he need not waste the effort of a glance. He does not see her, because for him there is nothing to see. How can a fifty-two-year-old white immigrant store-keeper see a little black girl? (48). What can be gathered from this is that the man, to some degree, has made a conscious choice not to look at her, not because he is physically incapable of doing so, but because he considers someone of her skin color insignificant, and not worth the energy necessary for acknowledgment.This theme underscores the difference between how one sees and how one is seen, also differentiates between superficial sight and real insight. Pecolas confide for blue eyes is undoubtedly essential to examine when considering the power and impact of vision in the novel. Pecola is consumed with the thought of having blue eyes because she believes that they would be the simple catholicon for everything that is unpleasant in her life. She is convinced that they will alter the way she is seen by others, and therefore the way that she sees the world around her.To Pecola, blue eyes and happiness, are inextricably linked. In a way, too, they represent her own blindness, since she attains them at the expense of her sanity. In addition, she has the understanding that if she had beautiful eyes, people would not think it right to do ugly things in front of her or to her Maybe theyd say, Why, look at pretty-eyed Pecola. We mustnt do bad things in front of those pretty eyes (46). She believes that the cruelness she is exposed to is somehow intertwined with how she is seen.Her insight is confirmed when Maureen steps in while being teased by the boys at school. Upon arrival, it seems that Maureens beautiful gaze causes the boys not to want to act badly. One character in The Bluest Eye that stands out against the rest as being one of the few individual s who can see clearly, and through an unadulterated lens is Claudia. Her clarity of vision is in part due to the fact that it is not marred by pain, like Pecolas is. In the number 1 of her narrative, she talks about how she has not yet reached the stage in adolescence where love turns to self-hatred.She is different from others girls her age because she does not strive to emulate them, at the loss of her well-being. When she receives the doll, she describes her whimsey to dismember it I had only one desire to dismember it. To see what it was made, to discover the dearness, to find the beauty, the desirability that had escaped me, but apparently only me (20). In her childlike naiveness, she does not realize that the beauty everyone praises the dolls for does not come from within, but instead, is on the surface. She wants to take apart the doll in the hopes that she will unearth the home(a) secret to its beauty.At least at this point, she is unaware of what society has narrow-minde dly deemed beautiful. Near the end of the story, when she and her sister are talking about Pecolas pregnancy, she imagines the unborn baby as beautiful in its blackness, indicating that she does not embody the impressionable mindset typical of other women in the book. The Bluest Eye is one of the most profound examples in modern literature that attests to the ability of vision in impacting the way in which people perceive the world and are perceived by others.The novel repeatedly brings to attention the malleability of human sight, and its vulnerability to distortion through the lens of hatred, love, bigotry, and racism. Even in the title of Morrisons work, one can learn a substantial amount about the intrinsic role vision plays in the story. The word eye in the title is singular rather than plural, suggesting the negative implications on the individual by societys white tunnel vision in relation to concepts of beauty and approval. In addition, the double meaning of eye and I strong ly emphasizes the significance of vision in the grand scheme of the novel.

Junk Science Essay

What led me to this decision based on hoax Detection Method, the person writing this hold did not list who they argon, whether or not they have a degree in the matter that they are speaking of, nor do they list who or what companion is sponsoring them. No reliable sources are listed in case the reader wants to verify each of the information is to be true. The Pacific Northwest Tree Octopus Baloney junk.Although this article list who are the writers of this article, it does not give any information if either student has received a degree in the information that they are discussing. It does not include what company or organization that is supporting the author. The sources that they listed are not credible. The article does not state whether this information has been reviewed nor verified by any expert, but only claims from a book, articles, and you tube videos.Environmental Effects of Genetic ally Modified Food Crops Reliable Unlike the other two articles, this article reveals the realize and the profession degree this person has for the matter that is been discussed. The article list who the author is with and who stands to benefit from the work.The article has a variety of reliable sources included if the reader has any questions or simply wants to verify the matter being discussed. This article list the research, written work, claims and field work that has been conducted by other experts. This article provides majority all of the information needed for the questions that are being asked to determine whether or not it is junk science.

South Carolina and the Caribbean Connection

To closely, siemens Carolina is simply still one of the United States, 50 states, and origin wholey was on the long dozen original colonies that declargond independence from the British Crown. However, this plot of land, which extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Appalachian Mountains, from the Savannah River to the sea, contains a rich historical pass of knuckle downry, trade, cultivation and remote influence which molded the beginnings of what we Ameri brook buoys know as entropy Carolina today. Today, southwestward Carolina is ranked thirty-ninths for the total median income out of all fifty states, but in the proterozoic part of the 18th century was the al almost affluent dependency.What made mho Carolina so successful? buckle downry and the West Indies. The West Indies do the graduation colony of South Carolina, whether it was everyday ethnic patterns of the colonists and strivers or their socio-economic status, strong ties and resemblances are seen with the Caribbeans citizens and economy. Slavery played a large role in South Carolina partnership, the most influential members of society owned and used slaves, and the overall economic status was based off of that slave work.In South Carolina, slaves from both India and Africa were used, however, the to a greater extent plethoric slave race was definitely those of African decent. They were believed to possess specific qualities such as familiarity with strain cultivation, which became the staple trim down of South Carolina. They also had lived in malevolent climates for centuries, and had developed the immunity of malaria. These distinctive skills and strengths suited them in Carolina lowlands, contributing greatly to their positive effect on the South Carolina colony.Peter Wood, American historian and author of cutting Majority Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion, concisely sums up the role slaves played in South Carolina when he states Negroes Played a authoritative and ofttimes determinative part in the evolution of the colony (Wood, XVII). The following paragraphs explore South Carolina from the 1670s to the 1740s and examine the elements of Caribbean influence seen throughout its early history and the developmental parallels amid separate Caribbean colonies.In 1670 on the British island of Barbados, there were serious overpopulation problems, these problems eventually led to the colonization of South Carolina. Barbados was outgrowth settled in 1627, and for the following decade followed the economic pattern of the other British colonies, Bermuda and Virginia, by producing tobacco. By the end of the 1630s Barbados had compriseed itself as a successful maker for the English market, contributeing in the high demand for Barbados land, as inhabitants covered all arable land on the island.It was in the mid-1640s that the true staple crop of Barbados was introduced, sugar. The sugar revolution not only brought an abun dance of wealth to Barbados but By the early 1650s Barbados had achieved a population density greater than all comparable area in the English-speaking world (Greene, 195). Sugar production required intensive labor, and as labor needs increased, so did the use of the more economical and reliable source of labor African slaves. Barbados exemplified the first large-scale use of slavery and non-European labor of every English colony.The island was the richest, most highly developed, most populous and most congested English colony in America with 50,000 inhabitants, including 30,000 gloomyes, unfortunately Barbados was just 166 sq, miles (Journal Of Caribbean History XVI, 1982). With such overpopulation, a substantial emigration began to occur. This hegira from Barbados made-up the wave of colonists of all socioeconomic statuses that traveled to the Carolinas. In 1663 King Charles II granted the land of the Carolinas to eight nobles, also know as the Lords Proprietor, to pass water the Carolina Colony.These proprietors were extremely commercial, as they wished to gain quick profits in this unused colony. All of the initial eight proprietors had ties with the Caribbean and Slavery. It is evident that even the earliest settlers European settlers were all connected by a past of slavery, furthermore, they also shared the same vision that Barbados could provide seasoned settlers from a short distance at a minimal cost (Wood, 15). However their attempt to establish settlements failed. The first successful settlement came in late march of 1670 when the Carolina, under captain Henry Brayne, reached the Carolinas at Seewee Bay.They set up a community at a location on the west bank of a nearby river now know as the Ashley. By the end of May the colonists from the wrecked Albermarle and estranged Port Royal reached this site. All three ships had come from Barbados. Barbadians played a large role in this first successful settlement. In the first two years, almost half o f the sinlessnesss and more than half of the swarthys who settled in Carolina were from Barbados. Between the years of 1670-1690, 54% of the snow-whitened settlers who immigrated to South Carolina came from Barbados. (Green, 197).Barbadians from umteen varying social classes came to Carolina within the first two decades, ten pct (18/ 175) of Barbados elite sugar planting families obtained land in South Carolina. Thirty three mid-tier planting families, and a number of Barbadian merchants also acquired land in South Carolina. (Green, 197-198) The importance of the Barbadians immigration is noted in a Letter of Lord Ashley, to Yeamons (Whos this? ) stating I am glad to hear soe many considerable men come from Barbadoes for wee find by deare Experience that noe other are able to make a Plantation the watch serve onely to full up Numbers. (Coll. , V, 361) The staggering numbers of Barbadians amongst the original settlers begin to represent wherefore the Caribbean had such a stron g influence on South Carolina. It is evident that these immigrants were substantial men, looking for new land to take advantage of their expertise, providing a orient to bolster and resemble the Barbadian economy. For many, South Carolina was not a place where these Barbadians wanted to start a new animateness, they were not in search of new socialization, legislation, and economy, and instead they brought theirs with them. Slavery completely encompassed Barbadian culture and economy.A slave society is defined as a society dominated by slavery, as Barbados was. Barbados was the first English colony to introduce large-scale slavery, and received much success in this venture. In Woods, Black Majority he states South Carolina, more so than any mainland colony, roots of settlement and early commercial ties stretched toward Barbados and the other islands of the English Caribbean English colonists from the West Indies who were economically unable to bring blacknesses with them at leas t brought on the social aspiration of slave ownership (Wood, 55).Barbadians did not just bring energy, experience and wealth, but most importantly they brought the cultural shaping and economy boosting, innovation of slavery to South Carolina. South Carolina was the only mainland English colony to begin its existence with a preference of African slave labor and a substantial number of slaves as original settlers. The first documented Negro arrival in the colony came from Capt. Brayne when he reported on August 23, 1670 one craving negro man 3. ristian servants and a oversear (Waring, pp, 24-25) Three more slaves arrived several weeks later, and in September 1670 the first negroes recorded by name, John Sr. , Elizabeth, and John jr. , arrived in South Carolina. with the First Fleet of settlers. Moreover, reports consume shown immigrations of able-bodied men which were most likely referring to slaves. More negroes continued to arrive in South Carolina, between one fourth and one thirds of the colonys newbies were negroes (Wood, 25). South Carolina was a slave society from the very beginning.In a deposition on August 1, 1671, just a year after the first settlers arrived by the Ashley river, an Indian messenger reported on the South Carolina colony that the settlement grows, that the castle is getting big and that many Negroes have come to work (Childs, pp. 132-135) Slaves became the backbone of South Carolina they were what kept the settlement from collapsing. John Yeamons Jr, the lieutenant governer and one of the original men who tried to establish the Carolina colony addressed the king stating thes setlements have beene made and upheld by Negroes and without contant supplies of them cannot subsist. (Salley, 67) There was an exponential increase in the amount of Negros from the late seventeenth century into the first part of the eighteenth century in South Carolina. The Black population in South Carolina went from about 2,500 in 1700 to 5,000 in 1710 to a staggering 39,000 in 1730s. For the first 25 years, South Carolina relied on Barbados for slaves until they black population was reproducing enough to become self-reliant. This reliance served to strengthen the existing ties to the sugar island and these bonds- helped predispose would-be planters in the mainland colony to black labor (Wood, 46).Woods statement shows that this South Caroline culture was based around black-labor, and that inhabitants were pre-disposed to use Black labor. The interest and abundance of black labor is evident from the 1670s through 1740, these slaves shaped the economy and social hierarchy, but also displayed problems and resistance to the white slave owners. One of the main aspects of Carolina society that slavery and the West Indies influenced was the economy. From the start South Carolina exemplified strong commercial, materialistic and exploitative mentality that was standard in the Caribbean culture (Greene,198).South Carolinians were avid in thei r search for a profitable agricultural staple, one that could do for South Carolina what sugar did for Barbados. Interest in Carolina settlement stemmed from Barbadians hopes for developing an economy that would benefit their own. While stressful to find this staple agricultural product, South Carolina resorted to the raising of livestock. Their was a strong demand for livestock in Barbados and other Caribbean islands, the English King confirms this point stating that Barbados and ye rest of ye caribee islandshave not food to fill their bellies. (Harlow, 283) From the earliest years, Carolina provided the island with food for the labor force, wood for caneboiling, and staves for the shipment of molasses sugar. By 1678, Barbados was shipping ten thousand pounds of sugar to Carolina and compensable good prices for the livestock. The sale of livestock to the Caribbean gave South Carolina the wealth to build more convenient houses and to purchase more negro- slaves. Responsibility for caring for the livestock fell on the slaves. Slaves would build the cowpen, attend the calves and guard the gazing at night.The care and maintenance of the livestock was no easy task, had it not been for the use of slaves such a project would have been extremely difficult. The early livestock economy also benefited the growth of South Carolina because The New Settlers can be furnishd with Stocks of Cattle and Corn (Salley, 291). The linkup with the Caribbean islands and the reliance on slaves, molded the early economy of South Carolina, however, grazing was just the initial stage in the colonys economic growth, it wasnt until the 1690s that South Carolina found its key to economic success rice.Author of Black Majority, Peter Wood, described the importance of rice best when stating, No development had greater meet upon the course of South Carolina history than the successful introduction of rice (Wood, 35). Rice was the agricultural staple that the colonial planters could use to pr ovide the basis for a executable plantation system based off the Barbadian model. Like sugar for Barbados, rice propelled South Carolina toward becoming one of the richest North American colonies, and Charleston, its capital, one of wealthiest and most fashionable cities in early America(Yale).Although Slaves played a role in the grazing economy, their involvement in rice cultivation was staggering in comparison. It is no coincidence that following the introduction of rice production the slave population skyrocketed, currently passing the colonist population. This black majority was unprecedented in the Englands North American colonies. African Slaves were needed for rice to be successful a successful crop, because planters and plantations owners were unfamiliar with the cultivation of rice. Slaves were the only settlers who had experience and were attached to growing rice.They were used to the climate and could work efficiently in the hot Carolina weather, had great physical str ength, and were immune to malaria. While not every African slave had come from a African rice field, there still hundred of black immigrants more familiar with the planting, hoeing, processing and cooking of rice than were the European settlers who purchased them (Wood, 61). Slaves were trustworthy for all stages of cultivation, from seeding in spring, hoeing in the summer, to making baskets in October when the grain was fanned.All these skills were adopted from Africa, and the slaves did not alter their annual routine, no matter which side of the Atlantic they were working. To the English, rice was the staple they had been seeking for years, and the Africans were its most logical cultivators and processors. African Slaves were the largest f modus operandior for the wealth of South Carolina, at this point in South Carolina history, it is clear that this colony can be characterized as a slave society.Barbados was the largest market for South Carolinas rice throughout the 1730s, in t otal, the Island colonies took about 10 percent of South Carolinas total rice exports in 1717-1720. Nearly forty ships annually from the West Indies would arrive in Charleston with return lodees of rice and other commodities for Jamaica, Barbados, the Leeward Islands and the Bahamas. A fourth to a third of the total tonnage came from the West Indies, and about 15 percent to 25 percent of the ships leaving Charlestown traded to the West Indies (Greene, 199-200).The Caribbean not only provided South Carolina with a trade resource, but the model of a plantation society. This steady link between South Carolina and the West Indies, along with the use of slaves, not only shaped the economy but the social aspects of culture as well. Slaves in particular played a large part in the social culture of South Carolina. When settlers first came to the southern wilderness, there were no aspects of social hierarchy. Owning slaves soon became what Englishmen used to establish status distinctions in the mainland (Wood, 46).Slaves were associated with wealth and class amongst this early society. Slaves also provided cultural advancements, more specifically the Gullah. Language was an extraordinary barrier in South Carolina Gullah became the main form of communication and expression of people across different backgrounds. blush today, Gullah has direct ties and patterns with Black English (Wood, 191). Although Slaves were at first looked upon as possessions, the normal appeal of a possession did not correlate to a positive mind-set on slaves by the whites. The Reverend Francis Le Jau strove to teach religion amongst South Carolinians.He was part of the newly created Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in foreign parts. He recounts many obstacles trying to convert the blacks, he acknowledges language barriers but the main problem was the opinion Slave masters had of slaves. To really display the social emplacement towards slaves in Carolina, Le Jau recalls three quotes f rom slave masters Slaves shouldnt learn prayers because knowledge makes them worse, there is no difference between slaves, and free Indians, and beasts, and at last one master asked Le Jau Is it realizable that any of my slaves could go to Heaven, & must I see them there? (Ibid, p16) Although mistreated, slaves were very much apart of everyday life in society. Slavery completely changed the social demographic of South Carolina. By the 1720s, when the Crown assumed control, South Carolina, unlike any other mainland country, was demographically dominated by migrants from West Africa. Not only were the migrants superior in total numbers, but also in the pace of immigration and the rate of their natural increase (Wood, 145-166). The result of this demographic and a constant connection through trade with the Caribbean was a strong public interest in slavery.Within the text of the South Carolina gazette, one can analyze the viewpoints of the people in this slave society. The South Carol ina Gazette was the states first successful newspaper and was printed from 1732 to 1775. The gazette not only displayed randomness regarding slaves but it often reported news from the West Indies. Slave advertisements and notices were common appearances in the Gazette. Although they were usually short in text, the ads offer large brainwave into the culture of a slave society. They shed light on what specific characteristics buyers looked for in slaves, such as the age, health, and where these slaves came from.One such advertisement, in June of 1739, mentions a very fine cargo of able-bodied Gambia negroes. Another notice in the paper from July 7th 1733 reports a run away slave From Dr. Samuel Stevens plantation, A negro man named Pompey, and had on when he went away, a white negro framework jacket and breeches, almost worn out, and a blue and white negro cloth cap. Whoever bring the said negro to the plantation aforesaid, shall have reasonable satisfaction from Samuel Stevens. T hese two articles display the perceptions of the Africans.The first article demonstrates a bias-towards Gambian Africans, this most likely stems from the fact that Gambia is located on the coast of Africa, where rice cultivation larger took place. This ad shows that slaves were often bought for their specific skills, as these slaves would be useful rice cultivation. Moreover, since slaves were bought for specific skills, this confirms the notion that South Carolina was neer monoculture. Planters looked for more than just rice-orientated slaves because Carolina was still exporting some of its original products.The first ad was surrounded by advertisements for consumer goods and tools. This is interesting because it portrays slaves as tools, not human life, and puts them on the same level of consumer goods. The inferiority of slaves is also portrayed in the ad about the runaway slave, as it mentions he was wearing a negro cloth jacket, which was worn out, and a negro cloth cap, not o nly did the negroes wear worn out clothing, but the white master specifically mentions that it is negro clothing which is due to the 1735 act requiring a Negro Dress code, furthering the separation between whites and blacks of this slave society.Lastly, the fact that a slave is running away shows insight to the tensions in between master and slave in the Carolinas (Wood, 239). While the South Carolina Gazette often portrayed negative opinions of Negroes, it also painted a depicting of problems in slave society. In South Carolina, slavery brought degradation for blacks, but also danger for whites. As the black population grew, and they began to show signs of their own culture, the white minority began to feel threatened (Wood, 195). Wood notes that previously slaves were taken as an asset, were now viewed in part by whites as a liability (Wood, 220).The Slave majority posed possible threats to the minority of whites, first is that it increased the chances of a foreign power to attac k, it reduced the colonies defense of such attacks, and also increased the disaster of internal attacks as well. The South Carolina Gazette only printed the concerns of white Carolinians, whom took extreme interest in the published stories about aspects of other slave societies. In particular, many stories were reported of slave uprisings and revolts. One such article in the July 7th 1733 paper, reports of an uprising on The Robert The Robert, Capt.Hamilton, was lately blown up by the negroes on the Coaft of Guinea. These reports were often gruesome, which would cause extreme worry amongst the whites. The January 15, 1732 edition states, a Guinea-man belonging to Bristol, rose and destroyed the whole crew, cutting off the Captains Head, Legs and Arms. Reports from Jamaica appeared in the Gazette from 1732 through 1738, one such story quotes a White Jamaican saying, Our Rebellious negroes are so numerous that they attack us every-where. (SCG, May 18 1734).The South Carolina gazet te was only printed once a week and contained only a select few news stories. The fact that the gazette published so many articles involving slave revolts portrayed the fear and anxiety of the white readers. These events held special concern for the whites of South Carolina, because South Carolina resembled colonial Caribbean powers, especially Jamaica, the one area with the most dramatic reports of slave rebellions. Like South Carolina, Jamaica was heavily involved in production of agricultural staples.It imported extremely high numbers of African slaves which resulted in a black majority, it hard harsh system of labor discipline, the elites were extremely wealthy, and was plagued by a disease filled environment which caused high mortality rates. It is inglorious how closely they resembled one another. Whats even more surprising is that the whites in Carolina did not learn from the Caribbean mistakes. Carolina experienced patterns of black slave resistance such as running away, po isoning, arson and conspiracy.From the beginning of its existence, South Carolina was always connected with the Caribbean, a prime example of this connection are South Carolina slave acts. The original slave regulations were borrowed from the Barbados, and they were almost identical. As South Carolina began to establish itself and develop their own acts, the regulations became considerably harsher. Rev. Le Jau, on August 30, 1712, wrote, There has been a severe act to revenge our slaves, lately past in this province.Runaway slaves are to be Mutilated and at last put to death if they absent themselves for the fourth time for fourteen days. I have taken the Liberty to say Mutilation and Death too great punishments (Wood, 138). Many acts and laws were put in place but when a new act was passed in 1734 to extend the extent of the 1720s patrol act, worsened the brutality of slaves. The South Carolinian leaders felt that harsh laws, and publish punishment would help by making the Slaves more submissive. This concept was extremely false.Jamaica in the late seventeenth century experienced an onslaught of slave resistance due to extreme cruelty. It was soon realized that strengthened systems, an increase in brutality and punishments provoked, instead of deterred, slave resistance when in 1740 South Carolina was torn by what is know as the Stono Rebellion. A group of slaves, in search for liberation, joined together to rebel against the whites, resulting in the deaths of more than sixty people (Wood, 308). This rebellion opened the eyes of everyone, as it displayed the possible dangers of slaves.The Stono rebellion holds more significance as it can be seen as a turning point in the history of South Carolinas black population, never again did a time such severe racial unrest occur (Wood, 308). From its initial settlement in 1670 to the Stono Rebellion in 1740 South Carolina established itself as one of the wealthiest North American colonies. This reign of success would not have been possible without the Caribbean and the development of a slave society. Unlike any other North American colony of its time, South Carolina, displayed a culture that was based around African Slavery.Early Barbadian settlers, who represented over fifty percent of the early Carolina settlers, brought the concept of slavery to South Carolina. Basing its economy off a profitable agricultural staple, and using slaves whose active involvement undertook all the routine activities on the plantation, South Carolina began to take face of a colonial Caribbean island (Wood, 198). The social demographics of this region displayed a large black majority, almost 9 blacks to every 1 white in areas of the lowlands.The economy was sustained by the blacks, the population was majority black, this society was so reliant on the black slaves, even one Swiss newcomer named Samuel Dyssli in 1737 said of Carolina looks more like a negro country than like a country settled by white people (Wood, 13 2). Dyssli observations are far from unordinary, and were not the only of its kind. In South Carolina, whether it was trade, culture, plantation systems, or economics, the Caribbean colonies have influenced it in such a way that it was often referred to as Carolina in Ye West indies (Woods, 160).Dyssli was correct in calling Carolina a negro country, however, so was the English document stating Carolina in ye West Indies, Carolina was molded into the wealthy North American colony it once was, due to the West Indies influence and the advantages of the African slaves. Works Cited Carey, Bev. The Maroon Story the Authentic and Original History of the Maroons in the History of Jamaica, 1490-1880. Gordon Town, Jamaica Agouti, 1997. Print. Childs. Colonization. 132-35. Print. Collections. Print. Rpt. n South Carolina Historical Society. Vol. V. Charleston South Carolina Historical Society. 361. Print. Greene, Jack P. Colonial South Carolina and the Caribbean Connection. The South Caroli na Historical Magezine Oct. 1987 192-210. Jstor. Web. 20 June 2011. . Harlow, Todd V. Francis Lord Willoughby. A History of Barbados, 1625-1685. Oxford Clarendon, 1926. 283. Print. Jau, Francis Le. The Carolina autobiography of Dr. Francis Le Jau, 1706-1717 (University of California Publications in History). Kraus, 1980.Print. Salley Jr. , Alexander S. Narratives of Early Carolina, 1650-1708. Gardners, 2007. 67. Print. Thompson, Alvin. The Journal of Caribbean History XVI (1982). Print. Waring, Joseph I. The First Voyage and Settlement at Charles Town, 1670-1680. Columbia publish for the South Carolina Tricentennial Commission, by the University of South Carolina, 1970. 24-25. Print. Wood, Peter H. Black Majority Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion. New York Norton, 1996. Print.

Concept of Self

The Concept of the ego in the Social World University Of Phoenix understand What self-importance Concept is Self Concept is the gathering of information about self, including ones in the flesh(predicate)ity, character, capabilities, and values. Self creation begins as an early as infancy, during this time the undivided begins to explicate information about themselves. This process allows them to prepare and began to understand how they are related to others in their tender world. Individuals going through this process of development is an exact chemical reaction that is a result of their relationship with their peers and family members.A childs self concept is less kindredly to be as defined but more set on things like physical looks, skills, and what materialistic things that they squander in common. As the individual gets older the self concept becomes more compound and defined. The individual takes into consideration the social comparison. This paper will discuss self c oncept in the social world according to Myers, examples of how self concept is related to me and deuce social experiences that aim had an effect on my development personally. Self Concept in the Social World The most essential aspect of you is you (Myers 2010).Self concept is a combination of various things that an individual feels contributes to who they are. Self concept involves what gender or gender role you play, how smart or not smart an individual sees themselves, even their sexuality. The components of an individuals self concept and those exact things that an individual believes makes them who they are called self schemas (Myers 2010). Self schemas is the mental delegacy that we classify ourselves, tall or short, big or small, rich paltry. Self schemas also benefactor the way the we encompass others and ourselves.An individuals self concept also helps the way we perceive ourselves in the present form and the way we perceive ourselves in the future (Myers 2010). Our soc ial behavior is also affected by our self concept. In the social world we are often placed into new roles in our manner. These new roles help us to discover things that may not have been considered before, leadership or teaching are some examples. Social Comparison The way we view ourselves as being smart, lazy, or rich have to do with the way we par ourselves to our social world. The majority of our life is based off of social comparison (Myers 2010).We often times view ourselves differently than what we view others. When quite a little are doing split up than us we tend to compare ourselves in hopes that we will reach their level of greatness (Myers 2010). The way that others view us are also a get off the ground of what affects our social concept. If people in the social world view us smart or pretty, dumb or ugly then there is a chance that we will view ourselves the same way. Charles H. Cooley developed the looking glass self which states that we use how we deem people pe rceive us as the way we perceive ourselves.George Herbert Mead came and filtered Cooleys theory by saying that it doesnt matter how others see us but how we think they see us. Applying Self to My Life Self Concept When I consider what self concept is exactly, how I view myself, (Myers 2010) I think back to my social surroundings. Prior to this class I neer considered how big of a part my up bring affected the way that I view myself. There may have been a time when I viewed myself as dumb instead of not comprehending something. When in actuality it doesnt mean that I am dumb but that I just didnt dig an understanding of the problem.As an adult and having younger people looking at me I try to create a sense of positivity around them, so that they can see past the current situations that they may be facing. I never considered this to be a part of me having an impact on their self concept. Self Esteem Self adore is a part of self concept. I believe my self esteem plays a big part in my personal worth and the way that I value myself. Studies show that low self esteem can result in violence (Roy & Smart & Boden). I think that my self esteem affects the way that I dress, the compared to hierarchy of needs.Abraham Maslow, hierarchy of needs, suggests that we not only need the esteem from others but also the respect that I have for myself. For myself my self esteem has helped me have pride in myself and hold my head high in different situations. Personally I believe that my self esteem has helped me make some of the choices Ive do about my body and mind. Esteem set to highly in high school can lead to poor achievements (Purkey). Although my self esteem has been good for the most part people that Ive surrounded myself with have kept me humble. Self Efficacy My self aptitude like my self concept and self esteem started when I was younger.I was always told to reach for my dreams and set my mind to whatever it is I wanted out of life I go for it. Similar to my self es teem I think my self efficacy has had an effect on my motivation and the way that I behave. I think that life throws curve balls but because of my self efficacy even though I dont succeed in the beginning I dont allow those things to let me give up. I also believe that because of my self efficacy when I am very interested in something I usually dedicate myself to it 100 percent. Two Social Experiences Growing Up I kind of grew up with the good vs. vil lifestyle. Although both my parents grew up in the same neighborhood they were raised differently. My mother grew up in a very religious house, my father grew up on the slightly criminal and do drugs environment. I grew up with my father being on drugs and an alcoholic. It actually started right after I was born. This left me feeling like I was the cause for a long time even though in reality I had nothing to do with it. My mother was forced to work a lot of jobs, as many as four at one time. I cant remember being told I was pretty fro m my parents but I had 3 brothers who did.I also had my grandparents who influenced my life for the better, I think instead of taking the negative I tried to use it as a positive. Instead of me mind or hating my mother because she was never around I looked at her as having a lot of strength. I learned that no matter the situation you have to keep pushing. In return I dont think I show emotions a lot of times. My fathers situation made me stay away from drugs for the most part minus my experimenting with weed. Being Helpful My grandparents for as long as I can remember gave whatever they had to help even though they didnt have a lot.Ive always been the type of child who always wanted to make sure those older than me where okay. As I grew older I in a way it was by chance that I walked into my career choice. In the beginning it was because I needed a job, but my desire and passion to help others has kept me there for as long as it has. I have always wanted to help people no matter th e age, gender, or circumstance. I also believe that this is the reason I have stuck with psychology. I have had many setbacks since I began the quest for this course in 2000, but I feel like this is my lifes calling and I have to graduate. ConclusionThe concept of the self I a social world is really amazing. Its very interesting how your social surroundings as small as infants can carry on to maturity and play a big part in the individual that you become. I believe if more people realized the importunacy of self concept, self esteem, and self efficacy then individuals could possibly have a better life and an outlook on life. Work Cited Baumeister, Roy F. Smart, Laura Boden, Joseph M. (1996). Relation of threatened egotism to violence and aggression The unlighted side of high self esteem. Psychological Review, 103 (1) 5-33 Bracken, Bruce A. Ed), (1996). Handbook of self-concept Developmental, social, and clinical considerations, (pp. 38-90). Marsh, W. Herbert, Shavelson, Richard (2010). Self Concept Its Multifaceted, Hierarchical Structure. 107-123 Mcleod, S. A. (2008). Simply Psychology The Self Concept in Psychology. Retrieved 19 December 2011, from http//www. simplypsychology. org/self-concept. html Myers, D. (2010). Social Psychology (10th ed. ). New York McGraw Hill. Pajares, Frank Miller, M. David. (1994) Journal of Educational Psychology, Vol 86(2), 193-203. Purkey, William Watson. (1970). Self Consept and School Achievment.

Have People Become Overly Dependent on Technology? Essay

The thought of how frequently engineering science plurality use on a perfunctory basis locoweed be stir as one contemplates. From waking up to our alarm clock to going to sleep with the air conditioner on we ar constantly using engine room. The age we live on in is known as the age of engineering and the age of progress. Without a doubt, engineering science has made living much easier as an individual and as a society. Cars, trains, buses, and planes with air conditioning and the speed of a hundred horses has made traveling under any weather condition extremely convenient so saying technology has not benefited people would be unrealistic. However, with all these benefits and almost every task involving the use of technology the question arises, attain people endure as well hook uniform on technology? There is a difference between being parasitical on something, and being overly numerateent on something. Just being pendent on something could soaked that there is a ch ance that if it was gone then it would cause the somebody no harm, but when person is too parasitic on something, then the disappearance of the in calculateent would harm the person.In my opinion people charter definitely nonplus overly dependent on technology because of many reason. Much of my show up presented atomic number 18 articles written, surveys conducted, and personal experiences that I have had. Articles have been written and surveys have been conducted to find out how dependent people are on technology. I am going to present quotes and evidences from articles and literature that explain how technology has grown in peoples lives and has taken over. Chanie Kirschner presents some very interesting bear downs on how people are overly dependent on technology in an article written less than a year ago one of which is when the internet is down, work is over for the day this is true to a great extent (Mobile). Schools have let students out early because the power was ou t and no work could be assumee.The second point is that acquireers remorse is much more reciprocal. Internet shopping has become so common and convenient that people areforgetting how to handle cash and do not know from which store to buy a certain item from anymore since everything can be found online. The third point is that you dont live in the moment. He gives an example that a parent goes to see the performance of his/her baby bird and is too busy getting the camera to work or is looking through a covert that the actual experience is gone.This also means that people are extremely dependent on technology and digital media to get information from anywhere in the world. Rather than letters and written statements people depend on videos and voice recordings which can easily be deceivable. The fourth point that Chanie gives is that nobody knows a anticipate number. Cell Phones have become so common that 90% of American Adults have a cubicle phone.According to the above chart, the majority of Americans have a smartphone. Smartphones have the capability to contain documents, phone numbers, GPS and more. only which are capabilities that people depend on their phone for, without the phone people would not remember a phone number or even knowhow to get around in their own city. Students are extremely dependent on spell check and auto correct that writing a idea by hand would be extremely difficult. The fifth point that was presented is that You are dreading having to break up with your companion face-to-face. Although Chanie gave a personal example, it can still relate to the fact that people are too dependent on technology to communicate with other people. From relationships to online interviews, people are forgetting how to communicate with others face-to-face. The sixth point that was presented is that Brick and mortar stores are going the way of the dinosaurs. As I stated earlier in the paper, online shopping has become so convenient that small busines ses and markets are going bankrupt and online businesses such as Amazon and Ebay are booming. The Final point that Chanie gives is that Without your phone, you feel naked. People are not only dependent on phones with their daily lives but with their health as well. A teenager that has lost his/her cell phone goes through psychological stress.The punishment for a child that ten years ago used to be forbidding them to go outside and play is now takingaway their electronics. The question to ask to understand if people are truly overly dependent on technology is, are they able to live without it? In a poll by CNET, 28 percent of people said they wouldnt be able to live without high-speed Internet (America). Technology is slowly dominating peoples lives and is becoming a command rather than a want, like the author of an argumentative-persuasive essay writes, Ultimately, we can say that ,living without technology is like living without air in this technical world of today.An article writ ten by Ismat Tahseen titled How dependent are we on technology states The survey of 12,000 adults from Brazil, China, France, India, Indonesia, Italy, Japan and the US found that about 61% millennials (those senior(a) 18-24) believe that technology is currently making people less human. It revealed that despite being the digital inhering generation, 59% of millennials felt that society has become just too reliant on technology, a post reported (Times of India).It is obvious through the evidences and literature presented that people are become overly dependent on on technology. The example of schools being shut down is in of itself enough to understand that the education dodge today is so dependent on technology that it cannot go forward without it. Along with business that cannot continue without coolers or registers or even lights. Overly depending on somthing or completely depending on somthing consist of the inability to continue without it for example the GPS that was sta ted earlier. If the GPS stops working on a road trip then the person would have to go to a store near by and ask for directions and the one giving directions can only know so much. A person leaves on a road trip richly depending on his car and GSP and does not even prepare for the worst case scenario which would be his car, phone, and GPS stopped working. This is a clear sign that people are overly dependent on technology.The society we live in today has become so fast that people must depend on technology in order to make a living and survive. All the points stated by Chanie connect to the over colony on technology and the fact that it would be chaos if all technology was hacked and all power shutdown. In conclusion the majority of people themselves agree that people are overly dependent on technology and even 29% of people say they cannot live without high speed internet. Its been stated that people depend on technology for information, travel, andcommunication. It was also said that schools and businesses cannot continue without technology. According to the research conducted, it is clear that people have become overly dependent on technology.Works CitedAmerica has become too dependent on technology. UAB Kaleidoscope. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 July 2014. .Argumentative Essay. Susan Yaroshevich. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 July 2014. .Mobile Technology Fact Sheet. Pew Research Centers Internet American Life Project RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 June 2014. .How dependent are we on technology? The Times of India. The Times of India. N.p., n.d. Web. 2 July 2014. .